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El Salvador

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El Salvador

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Amazon
Area: 5888268 km2
Countries:
Brazil; Peru; Suriname; France; Colombia; Guyana; Bolivia; Venezuela; Ecuador
Cities:
Santa Cruz; Manaus; La Paz
PFAF ID:
HydroBasin Level:
Baseline Water Stress:
Water Quality Stress:
Sanitation Access Stress:
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Water-Related Challenge Costs

Total annual estimated cost to address all water-related challenges: $967,194,028.00

Share of total annual estimated cost to address each individual challenge (2015 $USD):

  • Access to Drinking Water: $237,731,148.00 - [25%]
  • Access to Sanitation: $208,228,508.00 - [22%]
  • Industrial Pollution: $106,229,518.00 - [11%]
  • Agricultural Pollution: $65,251,104.00 - [7%]
  • Water Scarcity: $188,554,746.00 - [19%]
  • Water Management: $161,199,005.00 - [17%]

For more about this data, see information on WRI’s Achieving Abundance dataset here.

Water Challenges

As reported by organizations on the Hub.

No challenges found.

Country Overview

1.1.1.WATER RESOURCES The water resources of El Salvador are estimated at 17.8km3, of which 11.6km3 are from surface water. 84 per cent of this runoff occurs during the rainy season and 16 per cent during the dry season. El Salvador is the only Central American country whose territory drains entirely into the Pacific Ocean. The country has about 360 rivers, which together form 10 hydrographic regions. There are a few surface water contributions from Honduras and Guatemala, estimated at 7.5km3 per year. In this regard, only the Paz River (which forms the boundary with Guatemala) has a use agreement with bordering countries. The groundwater recharge through infiltration is estimated at 6.15km3. From this volume 5.97km3 are considered passing base flow recharge surface water courses and, therefore, with the possibility of extraction; the remainder represents direct discharge of coastal aquifers to the sea. The best aquifers are located in the coastal zone and in the valleys of the central plateau. There are four lakes in El Salvador (Llopango, 70.1km2; Guija, 44.1km2, Coatepeque, 24.8km2; and Olomega, 24.2km2), and four hydroelectric dams: (Reservoir 5 de Novembre, 20km2; Cerron Grande Reservoir, 135km2; Reservoir 15 de Septiembre, 35km2; and Guajoyo). The total installed capacity of power generation is 943.4MW, of which 388MW (41 per cent) are generated by four hydroelectric plants. The country's hydroelectric potential is estimated at 1,889MW, accounting for 1,409MW to the Rio Lempa, which currently uses only 21 per cent of the total it could use. Hydro generation in 1997 was 2,623GWh (24 per cent less than the year before as a result of damage to power systems because of weather) and total energy demand is 3,636 GWh. 1.1.2.WATER USE The latest data on total annual water extraction are from 1992, with a value of 729 million m3, with the aquifers of the Lempa River basin being the leading suppliers. With regard to drinking water extraction, the information available is from 1997: 262.3 million m3 (the value in 1992 was 246 million m3). In fact, 158.9 million m3 (61 per cent) were extracted from the aquifer in the San Salvador metropolitan area which already has excessive levels of exploitation. Drinking water coverage in 1997 was 53 per cent of the total population. That same year global sanitation coverage was 66 per cent (59 per cent connected to the sewerage system and 22 per cent of latrines in urban areas and 51 per cent of latrines in rural areas).

1.2.WATER QUALITY, ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN HEALTH The pressure on El Salvador's natural resources is very high, which is causing a great decrease of forest area (6.1 per cent of its coverage in 1992 and 2 per cent in 1997), and causing changes in the regulatory capacity of the hydrological cycle. Erosion (6.6mm/year in 75 per cent of the country) has significantly increased sediment transport in rivers; for example, the Lempa River carries an estimated 10 to 25 million tons per year. Furthermore, the fact that wastewater sewer systems do not receive any treatment before being discharged to the rivers has degraded more than 90 per cent of the rivers, exceeding the threshold levels of biochemical oxygen demand. This situation is increased in the rivers Acelhuate, Suquiapa, Sucio and Quezalapa, affecting the Cerrón Grande reservoir as well as other coastal ecosystems.

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Organizations in El Salvador


Transformar la gestión del riego y el cuidado del agua a través de soluciones tecnológicas integrales. Nos enfocamos en tres pilares fundamentales: 1) maximizar la eficiencia hídrica en la agricultura sostenible, 2) facilitar la compra de créditos de compensación de … Learn More

Our purpose is to provide Better Care for a Better World. People around the globe benefit from our products in their day-to-day lives, but we know that millions still lack access to basic products that could dramatically improve their quality … Learn More

The Water Resilience Coalition, founded in 2020, is an industry-driven, CEO-led coalition of the UN Global Compact's CEO Water Mandate that aims to elevate global water stress to the top of the corporate agenda and preserve the world's freshwater resources … Learn More

Projects in El Salvador


Keurig Green Mountain funds this program, called "Blue Harvest," to restore and manage water resources in coffee-producing areas of Central America. Blue Harvest is a three-year program coordinated by Catholic Relief Services (CRS). The premise of this program is that, … Learn More

Starbucks and Conservation International began an assessment of the water component of the Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) Practices program in 2008, focused on 2 stages in the coffee value chain: cultivating, growing and harvesting coffee using methods that avoid … Learn More


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